What is the purpose of an administrative review debriefing session after a disaster
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The after-action review (AAR) process is part of the emergency management cycle where agencies involved in the emergency attend a debrief. Show
Debriefs capture:
Debrief processFor informal debriefs, complete a task summary report. A task summary report includes an analysis of surveys, exit interviews, and transcripts.
For larger or more formal debriefs, the individual task summary reports will be incorporated in the after-action review report. The after-action review report forms the basis for the improvement plan.
The improvement plan matrix lists actions the agency commits to completing that addresses an area for improvement. It’s usually made once the After-Action Report is approved. In smaller events, it may be released at the same time as the After-Action Review Report.
The tracking sheet can be used to log all the debrief comments, recommendations, and target completion dates on one sheet.
Facilitated debriefThe facilitated debrief session is a formal process and occurs once personnel and facilities have been demobilized. The goal of the debrief is to highlight successes and challenges encountered during an emergency. The debrief should use:
While these questions are a useful guide, each debrief will still have its own set of unique requirements:
Additional operational topics for discussion can include:
Debrief project manager and session reportKey findings and topics of discussion gathered from the debrief should be quickly transcribed into formal notes. This forms the debrief session report. Recommended actions should be summarized in a final list in the conclusion.
The review project manager gathers and analyzes all debrief session reports, task summary reports, exit surveys, interviews, and event documentation to determine post-event learning activities. The debrief session report is distributed after receiving executive approval. The project manager:
Questions?Please contact a Regional EMBC Office if you have any questions.
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Currently, many mental-health workers consider some form of stress debriefing the standard of care following both natural (earthquakes) and human-caused (workplace shootings, bombings) stressful events. Indeed, the National Center for PTSD's Disaster Mental Health Guidebook (which is currently being revised) contains information on how to conduct debriefings. However, recent research indicates that psychological debriefing is not always an appropriate mental-health intervention. Available evidence shows that, in some instances, it may increase traumatic stress or complicate recovery. Psychological debriefing is also inappropriate for acutely bereaved individuals. While operational debriefing is nearly always helpful (it involves clarifying events and providing education about normal responses and coping mechanisms), care must be taken before delivering more emotionally-focused interventions. A recent review of eight debriefing studies, all of which met rigorous criteria for being well-controlled, revealed no evidence that debriefing reduces the risk of PTSD, depression, or anxiety; nor were there any reductions in psychiatric symptoms across studies. Additionally, in two studies, one of which included long-term follow-up, some negative effects of CISD-type debriefings were reported relating to PTSD and other trauma-related symptoms (1). Therefore, debriefings as currently employed may be useful for low magnitude stress exposure and symptoms or for emergency care providers. However, the best studies suggest that for individuals with more severe exposure to trauma, and for those who are experiencing more severe reactions such as PTSD, debriefing is ineffective and possibly harmful. The question of why debriefing may produce negative results has been considered and hypotheses have been formulated. One theory connects negative outcomes with heightened arousal in the early posttrauma phase and in long-term psychopathology (2,3). Because verbalization of the trauma in debriefing is limited, habituation to evoked distress does not occur. The result may be an increase rather than a decrease in arousal. Any such increased distress caused by debriefing may be difficult to detect in a group setting. Thus, attempting to use debriefing to override dissociation and avoidance in the immediate posttrauma phase may be detrimental to some individuals, particularly those experiencing heightened arousal. Another consideration is that the boundary between debriefing and therapy is sometimes blurred (e.g., challenging thoughts), which may increase distress in some individuals (3). Finally, those facilitating the debriefing sessions frequently are unable to adequately assess individuals in the group setting. They may erroneously conclude that a one-time intervention is sufficient to prevent further symptomatology. Practice guidelines on debriefing formulated by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies 
The guidelines state that while it is premature to conclude that debriefing should be discontinued altogether, "more complex interventions for those individuals at highest risk may be the best way to prevent the development of PTSD following trauma." References
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