Which of the following best describes your training on ethics for educators

On whom does the responsibility to maintain trust between researcher and participant fall?

a. Institutions that oversee researchers
b. The researchers themselves
c. The researchers and the participants
d. The participants and beneficiaries

Which one of the statements about ethics is true?

a. Ethics has not changed since it became part of society.
b. Ethics evolves and changes with time and context.
c. Ethics does not matter if you are working with nonhuman animals.
d. Ethics are based on codes of conduct that are universal and pervasive across different countries, ethnic groups, and cultures. There is no room for interpretation.

In research, which of the following best describes ethics and ethical behavior?

a. What constitutes ethical and unethical behavior is generally black and white and extremely clear-cut.
b. Ethics and law go hand in hand. All ethical behaviors are legal, and all unethical behaviors are illegal.
c. Ethical and unethical behaviors are often in overlapping gray areas that sometimes depend on the context of the research.
d. Ethics can be difficult to understand and hard to get right. However, if you follow your institutions guidelines and do all of the required ethics training, you will have absolutely no problem distinguishing ethical behaviors from unethical ones.

Which of the following is an aspect of the Nuremberg Code of 1947?

a. Research subjects must be over 15 years of age.
b. Research subjects must be compensated.
c. Research subjects must have the legal capacity to give consent.
d. Research subjects must contain both men and women.

The Nuremberg Code of 1947 is largely founded upon which historical event(s)?

a. Nazi treatments of research subjects
b. Unethical research behaviors that existed prior to the Vietnam War
c. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
d. The discovery that World War I prisoner treatments left hundreds of thousands in traumatized conditions.

Which of the following reasons best describes why the Nuremberg Code of 1947 was not quickly adopted and accepted within the United States of America?

a. There was not enough legal action to require it.
b. Researchers associated it with Nazi behaviors as an act of immorality, and not with one that is related to researchers working without regulation.
c. The guidelines that were outlined in the code were not specific enough.
d. The guidelines were relevant but it was too difficult to practically employ them all in one moment.

The Declaration of Helsinki was formally created and approved by which entity?

a. World Health Organization
b. Institutional Review Board
c. National Institutes of Health
d. World Medical Association

In relation to the Nuremberg Code, what was achieved through the Declaration of Helsinki?

a. The guidelines of the Nuremberg Code were narrowed and more explicitly specified.
b. The guidelines of the Nuremberg Code were applied to researchers, too, instead of only to doctors.
c. The guidelines of the Nuremberg Code were broadened.
d. The guidelines of the Nuremberg Code were more explicitly written in the perspective of research participants.

What were some of the major achievements of the Declaration of Helsinki?

a. It clearly defined informed consent and what it means to be a research participant.
b. It explicitly stated the role doctors have in safeguarding patients as well as differentiated therapeutic from non-therapeutic clinical studies.
c. It explicitly stated the role researchers have in safeguarding patients as well as differentiated basic research studies from applied research studies.
d. It laid out specific guidelines for how institutions should maintain ethical conducts of their researchers.

Which of the following is a significant outcome of the Clinical Research Committee founded by the National Institutes of Health?

a. It became the model for the Institutional Review Board.
b. It became the first committee to do research on sick patients.
c. It became the first committee to invite researchers and doctors to work together.
d. It became the first committee to receive federally funds to complete research projects.

Dr. Henry Beecher's 1966 article in the New England Journal of Medicine had what significance in the realm of ethics?

a. It outlined the future of ethical guidelines that influenced ethical practices today.
b. It presented unethical cases of research that endangered the health of participants without their knowledge to the public.
c. It presented the lack of progress in ethics that the United States was facing, arguing that research needs to be reformed.
d. It argued that ethics is overrated and that scientific progress will unambiguously be hindered by an unwarranted focus on ethical behavior.

Which of the following was part of the procedure or outcome of the Tuskegee Syphilis study?

a. Researchers and healthcare providers lost the trust of some members in African American communities.
b. Researchers deceived the research participants.
c. Researchers discovered a treatment for syphilis.
d. Researchers' behaviors led to the death of many participants.

Stanley Milgram studied the extent to which ordinary people would be willing to inflict pain on another human. Which of the following describes a potential ethical problem from his famous experiment?

a. Participants were led to believe that they were administering real shocks, and this could have been an ethical breach because a researcher should never lie to participants.
b. A confederate was used, and utilizing an actor in an experiment could have been unethical.
c. The researcher inflicted considerable distress on participants.
d. Participants were forced to participate and were not permitted to drop out.

In what ways were Zimbardo and Milgram's controversial experiments similar?

a. Although the ethics are questionable, the studies shed light on human behavior that would have otherwise been impossible to study.
b. Both studies were ethically questionable due to the level of distress that least some participants endured.
c. Both studies can still be conducted today without any changes to the procedure.
d. Both studies incited new laws that changed how research studies are governed at universities.

A 2001 BBC created a filmed replication of the Zimbardo Prison experiment. What was a safeguard that they took to protect its participants?

a. There were clinical psychologists who acted as consultants and were on-call or on site.
b. Paramedics and security guards were allowed to intervene.
c. They included a five-person ethics panel independent of the project that could modify or terminate the study at any point.
d. Participants of the film were not deceived. They went in knowing the purpose of the study.

Burger (2009) attempted a replication of Milgram's famous study. Which of the following was a measure he took to ensure that the replication met ethical standards?

a. Participants who could potentially have an adverse reaction to the study were screened out of the study.
b. Participants were recruited from college students.
c. A clinical psychologist monitored the study.
d. Participants were informed right after the study that no shock was given.

Which of the following is a general principle of the Belmont Report?

a. Respect for persons
b. Beneficence
c. Justice
d. Equality

Which of the following is captured by the notion of “Respect for people's rights and dignity” in the APA ethical guidelines?

What ethical qualities are important for educators?

What is your ethics as a teacher?

What best describe a teacher as a person under the code of ethics for professional teachers?

Which of the following best describes ethical behavior?