Answers checklist.

• I have read the documentation ESP-IDF Programming Guide and the issue is not addressed there.
• I have updated my IDF branch (master or release) to the latest version and checked that the issue is present there.
• I have searched the issue tracker for a similar issue and not found a similar issue.

IDF version.

v4.4.4

Operating System used.

macOS

How did you build your project?

Command line with idf.py

If you are using Windows, please specify command line type.

None

What is the expected behavior?

I expect the project to build

What is the actual behavior?

I get ld link errors

Steps to reproduce.

./CMakeLists.txt

The following lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's

CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5) include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake) set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS

${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/hw/main/ 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/hw/components/ 

) project(vsl)

---

./hw/main/CMakeLists.txt

set(requires blemesh_console fatfs) set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl -t") idf_component_register(

SRCS "main.cpp"
INCLUDE_DIRS "."
REQUIRES "${requires}"

)

---

./hw/components/blemesh_console/CMakeLists.txt

set(srcs "ble_mesh_adapter.c"

    "ble_mesh_model.c"
    "ble_mesh_console_lib.c"
    # "ble_mesh_console_main.c"
    "ble_mesh_console_system.c"
    "ble_mesh_register_cmd.c"
    "ble_mesh_reg_cfg_client_cmd.c"
    "ble_mesh_register_server_cmd.c"
    "ble_mesh_reg_gen_onoff_client_cmd.c"
    "ble_mesh_reg_test_perf_client_cmd.c"
    "transaction.c"
    "register_bluetooth.c")

set(requires ble_mesh_init) set(priv_requires nvs_flash bt console fatfs) idf_component_register(SRCS "${srcs}"

                INCLUDE_DIRS  "."
                REQUIRES "${requires}"
                PRIV_REQUIRES "${priv_requires}")

// ./hw/components/blemesh_console/ble_mesh_console_decl.h /* Console example — declarations of command registration functions.

This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. */

pragma once

include "esp_ble_mesh_defs.h"

// Register system functions void register_system(void); // Register blutooth void register_bluetooth(void); // Register mesh node cmd void ble_mesh_register_mesh_node(void); // Register Test Perf client cmd void ble_mesh_register_mesh_test_performance_client(void);

if (CONFIG_BLE_MESH_CFG_CLI)

// Register mesh config client operation cmd void ble_mesh_register_configuration_client_model(void);

endif

// Register mesh config server and generic server operation cmd void ble_mesh_register_server(void);

if (CONFIG_BLE_MESH_GENERIC_ONOFF_CLI)

// Register mesh client operation cmd void ble_mesh_register_gen_onoff_client(void);

endif

if (CONFIG_BLE_MESH_CFG_CLI)

// Register mesh config client operation cmd void ble_mesh_register_configuration_client_model(void);

endif

// ./hw/main/main.cpp

include

include "sdkconfig.h"

include "sdkconfig.h"

include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"

include "freertos/portmacro.h"

include "freertos/task.h"

include "esp_system.h"

include "esp_spi_flash.h"

// https://github.com/espressif/rust-esp32-example/pull/47

include "esp_flash.h"

include "esp_chip_info.h"

include "FreeRTOSConfig.h"

include "driver/gpio.h"

include "FreeRTOSConfig.h"

include "esp_log.h"

include "esp_vfs_dev.h"

include "nvs.h"

include "nvs_flash.h"

include "esp_vfs_fat.h"

include "esp_console.h"

include "ble_mesh_console_decl.h"

include "ble_mesh_init.h"

// Enabling C++ compile extern "C" {

void app_main();

} void app_main(void) {

// ...
// init and enable bluetooth ///////////////////////////////////////////////
res = bluetooth_init();
if (res)
{
    printf("esp32_bluetooth_init failed (ret %d)", res);
}
// esp console ///////////////////////////////////////////////
esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);
esp_log_level_set("ble_mesh_console", ESP_LOG_INFO);
esp_console_repl_t *repl = NULL;
esp_console_repl_config_t repl_config = ESP_CONSOLE_REPL_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
esp_console_dev_uart_config_t uart_config = ESP_CONSOLE_DEV_UART_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
repl_config.prompt = "esp32>";
// init console REPL environment
repl_config.max_history_len = 1;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_console_new_repl_uart(&uart_config, &repl_config, &repl));
/* Register commands */
register_system();
register_bluetooth();
ble_mesh_register_mesh_node();
ble_mesh_register_mesh_test_performance_client();
ble_mesh_register_server();

if (CONFIG_BLE_MESH_GENERIC_ONOFF_CLI)

ble_mesh_register_gen_onoff_client();

endif

if (CONFIG_BLE_MESH_CFG_CLI)

ble_mesh_register_configuration_client_model();

endif

printf("!!!ready!!!\n");
// start console REPL
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_console_start_repl(repl));
while (true)
{
    vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}

}

# sdkconfig.defaults
CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
########################## BLEMESH Nimble ##########################
# Override some defaults so nimble is enabled
CONFIG_BT_ENABLED=y
CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_MODE_BLE_ONLY=y
CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_MODE_BR_EDR_ONLY=n
CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_MODE_BTDM=n
CONFIG_CTRL_BTDM_MODEM_SLEEP=n
CONFIG_BTDM_SCAN_DUPL_TYPE_DATA_DEVICE=y
CONFIG_BTDM_BLE_MESH_SCAN_DUPL_EN=y
CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_ENABLED=y
CONFIG_BT_NIMBLE_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR=y
# Override some defaults of ESP BLE Mesh
CONFIG_BLE_MESH=y
# CONFIG_NIMBLE_MESH=y not from example, manually added, not sure if correct
# CONFIG_NIMBLE_MESH=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_NODE=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_PB_GATT=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_TX_SEG_MSG_COUNT=3
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_RX_SEG_MSG_COUNT=3
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_CFG_CLI=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_GENERIC_ONOFF_CLI=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_PROVISIONER=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_PROVISIONER_RECV_HB=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_PROVISIONER_RECV_HB_FILTER_SIZE=3
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_SELF_TEST=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_TEST_AUTO_ENTER_NETWORK=y
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_WAIT_FOR_PROV_MAX_DEV_NUM=80
CONFIG_BLE_MESH_MAX_PROV_NODES=80
# partitions
CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM=y
CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM_FILENAME="hw/partitions.csv"
CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_4MB=y
CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE="4MB"

Build or installation Logs.

╰─ idf.py build VERBOSE=1                                                                                                                      
Executing action: all (aliases: build)
Running ninja in directory /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/build
Executing "ninja all"...
[1/6] Performing build step for 'bootloader'
[1/1] cd /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/build/bootloader/esp-idf/esptool_py && /Users/josh/.espressif/python_env/idf4.4_py3.9_env/bin/python /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/partition_table/check_sizes.py --offset 0x8000 bootloader 0x1000 /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/build/bootloader/bootloader.bin
Bootloader binary size 0x63b0 bytes. 0xc50 bytes (11%) free.
[4/6] Linking CXX executable vsl.elf
FAILED: vsl.elf 
: && /Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/xtensa-esp32-elf-g++ -mlongcalls -Wno-frame-address  -g  CMakeFiles/vsl.elf.dir/project_elf_src_esp32.c.obj -o vsl.elf  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/asio/libasio.a  esp-idf/bt/libbt.a  esp-idf/cbor/libcbor.a  esp-idf/unity/libunity.a  esp-idf/cmock/libcmock.a  esp-idf/coap/libcoap.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/esp_adc_cal/libesp_adc_cal.a  esp-idf/esp_hid/libesp_hid.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/esp_lcd/libesp_lcd.a  esp-idf/protobuf-c/libprotobuf-c.a  esp-idf/protocomm/libprotocomm.a  esp-idf/mdns/libmdns.a  esp-idf/esp_local_ctrl/libesp_local_ctrl.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/esp_websocket_client/libesp_websocket_client.a  esp-idf/expat/libexpat.a  esp-idf/wear_levelling/libwear_levelling.a  esp-idf/fatfs/libfatfs.a  esp-idf/freemodbus/libfreemodbus.a  esp-idf/jsmn/libjsmn.a  esp-idf/json/libjson.a  esp-idf/libsodium/liblibsodium.a  esp-idf/mqtt/libmqtt.a  esp-idf/openssl/libopenssl.a  esp-idf/perfmon/libperfmon.a  esp-idf/spiffs/libspiffs.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/wifi_provisioning/libwifi_provisioning.a  esp-idf/arduino/libarduino.a  esp-idf/Adafruit_NeoPixel/libAdafruit_NeoPixel.a  esp-idf/ble_mesh_init/libble_mesh_init.a  esp-idf/blemesh_console/libblemesh_console.a  esp-idf/main/libmain.a  -Wl,--cref  -Wl,--Map="/Users/josh/Code/hw/la/build/vsl.map"  -Wl,--gc-sections  -fno-rtti  -fno-lto  esp-idf/unity/libunity.a  esp-idf/Adafruit_NeoPixel/libAdafruit_NeoPixel.a  esp-idf/arduino/libarduino.a  esp-idf/esp_adc_cal/libesp_adc_cal.a  esp-idf/esp_hid/libesp_hid.a  esp-idf/openssl/libopenssl.a  esp-idf/spiffs/libspiffs.a  esp-idf/wifi_provisioning/libwifi_provisioning.a  esp-idf/protocomm/libprotocomm.a  esp-idf/protobuf-c/libprotobuf-c.a  esp-idf/mdns/libmdns.a  esp-idf/json/libjson.a  esp-idf/blemesh_console/libblemesh_console.a  esp-idf/fatfs/libfatfs.a  esp-idf/wear_levelling/libwear_levelling.a  esp-idf/ble_mesh_init/libble_mesh_init.a  esp-idf/bt/libbt.a  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedcrypto.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedx509.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcoexist.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcore.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libespnow.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libmesh.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libnet80211.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libpp.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libsmartconfig.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libwapi.a  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedcrypto.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedx509.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcoexist.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcore.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libespnow.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libmesh.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libnet80211.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libpp.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libsmartconfig.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libwapi.a  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedcrypto.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedx509.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcoexist.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcore.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libespnow.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libmesh.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libnet80211.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libpp.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libsmartconfig.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libwapi.a  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedcrypto.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedx509.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcoexist.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcore.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libespnow.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libmesh.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libnet80211.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libpp.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libsmartconfig.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libwapi.a  esp-idf/esp_ringbuf/libesp_ringbuf.a  esp-idf/efuse/libefuse.a  esp-idf/esp_ipc/libesp_ipc.a  esp-idf/driver/libdriver.a  esp-idf/esp_pm/libesp_pm.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/app_update/libapp_update.a  esp-idf/bootloader_support/libbootloader_support.a  esp-idf/spi_flash/libspi_flash.a  esp-idf/nvs_flash/libnvs_flash.a  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  esp-idf/esp_gdbstub/libesp_gdbstub.a  esp-idf/espcoredump/libespcoredump.a  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  esp-idf/esp_system/libesp_system.a  esp-idf/esp_rom/libesp_rom.a  esp-idf/hal/libhal.a  esp-idf/vfs/libvfs.a  esp-idf/esp_eth/libesp_eth.a  esp-idf/tcpip_adapter/libtcpip_adapter.a  esp-idf/esp_netif/libesp_netif.a  esp-idf/esp_event/libesp_event.a  esp-idf/wpa_supplicant/libwpa_supplicant.a  esp-idf/esp_wifi/libesp_wifi.a  esp-idf/console/libconsole.a  esp-idf/lwip/liblwip.a  esp-idf/log/liblog.a  esp-idf/heap/libheap.a  esp-idf/soc/libsoc.a  esp-idf/esp_hw_support/libesp_hw_support.a  esp-idf/xtensa/libxtensa.a  esp-idf/esp_common/libesp_common.a  esp-idf/esp_timer/libesp_timer.a  esp-idf/freertos/libfreertos.a  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  esp-idf/nghttp/libnghttp.a  esp-idf/esp-tls/libesp-tls.a  esp-idf/tcp_transport/libtcp_transport.a  esp-idf/esp_http_client/libesp_http_client.a  esp-idf/esp_http_server/libesp_http_server.a  esp-idf/esp_https_ota/libesp_https_ota.a  esp-idf/sdmmc/libsdmmc.a  esp-idf/esp_serial_slave_link/libesp_serial_slave_link.a  esp-idf/ulp/libulp.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedtls.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedcrypto.a  esp-idf/mbedtls/mbedtls/library/libmbedx509.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcoexist.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libcore.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libespnow.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libmesh.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libnet80211.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libpp.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libsmartconfig.a  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32/libwapi.a  -u esp_app_desc  -u pthread_include_pthread_impl  -u pthread_include_pthread_cond_impl  -u pthread_include_pthread_local_storage_impl  -u pthread_include_pthread_rwlock_impl  -L "/Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_phy/lib/esp32"  -u include_esp_phy_override  -lphy  -lrtc  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  -lphy  -lrtc  esp-idf/esp_phy/libesp_phy.a  -lphy  -lrtc  -u ld_include_highint_hdl  -u start_app  -u start_app_other_cores  -L "/Users/josh/Code/hw/la/build/esp-idf/esp_system/ld"  -T memory.ld  -T sections.ld  -u __ubsan_include  -L "/Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32/ld"  -T esp32.rom.ld  -T esp32.rom.api.ld  -T esp32.rom.libgcc.ld  -T esp32.rom.newlib-data.ld  -T esp32.rom.syscalls.ld  -T esp32.rom.newlib-funcs.ld  -T esp32.rom.newlib-time.ld  -Wl,--wrap=longjmp  -u __assert_func  -u vfs_include_syscalls_impl  -L "/Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/esp_wifi/lib/esp32"  -L "/Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/soc/esp32/ld"  -T esp32.peripherals.ld  /Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/xtensa/esp32/libxt_hal.a  -Wl,--undefined=uxTopUsedPriority  -u app_main  -lm  esp-idf/newlib/libnewlib.a  -u newlib_include_heap_impl  -u newlib_include_syscalls_impl  -u newlib_include_pthread_impl  -u newlib_include_assert_impl  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_SetEnableExceptionFdeSorting  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame_info_bases  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame_info  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame_info_table_bases  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame_info_table  -Wl,--wrap=__register_frame_table  -Wl,--wrap=__deregister_frame_info_bases  -Wl,--wrap=__deregister_frame_info  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_Find_FDE  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetGR  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetCFA  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetIP  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetIPInfo  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetRegionStart  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetDataRelBase  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetTextRelBase  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_SetIP  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_SetGR  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_GetLanguageSpecificData  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_FindEnclosingFunction  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_Resume  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_RaiseException  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_DeleteException  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_ForcedUnwind  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_Resume_or_Rethrow  -Wl,--wrap=_Unwind_Backtrace  -Wl,--wrap=__cxa_call_unexpected  -Wl,--wrap=__gxx_personality_v0  -u __cxa_guard_dummy  -lstdc++  esp-idf/pthread/libpthread.a  -lgcc  esp-idf/cxx/libcxx.a  -u __cxx_fatal_exception  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  -lgcov  esp-idf/app_trace/libapp_trace.a  -lgcov  -lc  -L/Users/josh/esp/esp-idf/components/bt/controller/lib_esp32/esp32  -lbtdm_app  -u ld_include_hli_vectors_bt && :
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x70): undefined reference to `bluetooth_init()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x74): undefined reference to `register_system()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x78): undefined reference to `register_bluetooth()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x7c): undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_mesh_node()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x80): undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_mesh_test_performance_client()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x84): undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_server()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x88): undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_gen_onoff_client()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj):(.literal.app_main+0x8c): undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_configuration_client_model()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: esp-idf/main/libmain.a(main.cpp.obj): in function `app_main':
/Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:138: undefined reference to `bluetooth_init()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:156: undefined reference to `register_system()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:156: undefined reference to `register_bluetooth()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:158: undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_mesh_node()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:162: undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_mesh_test_performance_client()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:162: undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_server()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:162: undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_gen_onoff_client()'
/Users/josh/.espressif/tools/xtensa-esp32-elf/esp-2021r2-patch5-8.4.0/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: /Users/josh/Code/hw/la/hw/main/main.cpp:162: undefined reference to `ble_mesh_register_configuration_client_model()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
ninja failed with exit code 1

### More Information.
FYI I paired down some of the non-essential information

Exit status 1 là lỗi gì?

Lỗi id returned 1 exit status là lỗi xuất hiện khi sử dụng ngôn ngữ lập trình C hoặc C++. Lỗi này có biểu hiện là id trở lại trạng thái thoát, xảy ra khi có lỗi trong quá trình liên kết các tệp đối tượng thành một tệp thực thi.

LĐ returned 1 exit status là gì?

Lỗi ld returned 1 exit status được hiểu đơn giản là ld trở lại trạng thái thoát. Thường xuất hiện khi chạy một đoạn code viết bằng ngôn ngữ lập trình C hoặc C++. Nguyên nhân gây ra lỗi lập trình này gồm.