21st century health challenges can the essential public health functions make a difference?
WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. Show
In the 21st century, health is a shared responsibility, involving equitable access to essential care and collective defense against transnational threats The WHO agendaWHO operates in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing landscape. The boundaries of public health action have become blurred, extending into other sectors that influence health opportunities and outcomes. WHO responds to these challenges using a six-point agenda. The six points address two health objectives, two strategic needs, and two operational approaches. The overall performance of WHO will be measured by the impact of its work on women’s health and health in Africa. 1. Promoting developmentDuring the past decade, health has achieved unprecedented prominence as a key driver of socioeconomic progress, and more resources than ever are being invested in health. Yet poverty continues to contribute to poor health, and poor health anchors large populations in poverty. Health development is directed by the ethical principle of equity: Access to life-saving or health-promoting interventions should not be denied for unfair reasons, including those with economic or social roots. Commitment to this principle ensures that WHO activities aimed at health development give priority to health outcomes in poor, disadvantaged or vulnerable groups. Attainment of the health-related Millennium Development Goals, preventing and treating chronic diseases and addressing the neglected tropical diseases are the cornerstones of the health and development agenda. 2. Fostering health securityShared vulnerability to health security threats demands collective action. One of the greatest threats to international health security arises from outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases. Such outbreaks are occurring in increasing numbers, fuelled by such factors as rapid urbanization, environmental mismanagement, the way food is produced and traded, and the way antibiotics are used and misused. The world’s ability to defend itself collectively against outbreaks has been strengthened since June 2007, when the revised International Health Regulations came into force. 3. Strengthening health systemsFor health improvement to operate as a poverty-reduction strategy, health services must reach poor and underserved populations. Health systems in many parts of the world are unable to do so, making the strengthening of health systems a high priority for WHO. Areas being addressed include the provision of adequate numbers of appropriately trained staff, sufficient financing, suitable systems for collecting vital statistics, and access to appropriate technology including essential drugs. 4. Harnessing research, information and evidenceEvidence provides the foundation for setting priorities, defining strategies, and measuring results. WHO generates authoritative health information, in consultation with leading experts, to set norms and standards, articulate evidence-based policy options and monitor the evolving global heath situation. 5. Enhancing partnershipsWHO carries out its work with the support and collaboration of many partners, including UN agencies and other international organizations, donors, civil society and the private sector. WHO uses the strategic power of evidence to encourage partners implementing programmes within countries to align their activities with best technical guidelines and practices, as well as with the priorities established by countries. 6. Improving performanceWHO participates in ongoing reforms aimed at improving its efficiency and effectiveness, both at the international level and within countries. WHO aims to ensure that its strongest asset – its staff – works in an environment that is motivating and rewarding. WHO plans its budget and activities through results-based management, with clear expected results to measure performance at country, regional and international levels. WHO reformWHO is reforming to be better equipped to address the increasingly complex challenges of the health of populations in the 21st century. From persisting problems to new and emerging public health threats, WHO needs to be flexible enough to respond to this evolving environment. The process of reform is Member State-driven and inclusive. The three objectives were defined at the Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly and at the Executive Board’s 129th session.
Three distinct and interconnected fields of work have emerged in line with these objectives:
WHO Reform available on one page here The role of WHO in public healthWHO fulfils its objectives through its core functions:
These core functions are set out in the 11th General Programme of Work, which provides the framework for organization-wide programme of work, budget, resources and results. Entitled “Engaging for health”, it covers the 10-year period from 2006 to 2015. Can the essential public health functions make a difference?1 identified “public health functions as the most cost-effective, comprehensive and sustainable way to enhance the health of populations and individuals and to reduce the burden of disease”; operational framework for primary health care highlighted EPHFs as a key consideration to provide public health services; and ...
What is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century?Chronic Diseases: A 21st Century Public Health Challenge.
What is the most serious public health challenge of the 21st century?Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century.
What will likely be the most important achievement of public health in the 21st century?The top public health accomplishments of the 21st century as published in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are: vaccine-preventable diseases. Prevention and control of infectious diseases. Tobacco control.
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