Which of the following is true of late nineteenth-century southern and eastern European immigrants
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Show Module 2 - Chapter 19 Quiz Due Jan 9 at 11:59pm Points 25 Questions 8 Available Jan 3 at 12am - Jan 9 at 11:59pm 7 days Time Limit 25 Minutes Instructions This quiz was locked Jan 9 at 11:59pm. Attempt History AttemptTimeScore LATESTAttempt 1 4 minutes25 out of 25 Score for this quiz: 25 out of 25 Submitted Jan 7 at 8:22am This attempt took 4 minutes. This quiz is open-book and you will have 25 minutes to complete it. Which of the following four elements was not essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America? settlement houses Correct! Correct! communication improvements Which of the following did the settlement house movement offer as a means of relief for working-class women? childcare Correct! Correct! For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact for more information and to obtain a license. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. She or he will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. MediaIf a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. TextText on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. ExtractFor American trade unions and labour organizations, immigration was a constant source of concern and anxiety during the second half of the nineteenth century. In their attempts to eliminate the more harmful consequences to their members of this flood of foreigners, they adopted and promoted a series of remedial measures, ranging from informal co-operation with the First International in the late 1860s, to attempts to strengthen the immigration law in the 1880s and early 1890s. None proved satisfactory. Pressure for further restriction built up and in 1897 the American Federation of Labor, to which most trade unions were affiliated, approved by a massive five-to-one majority a relatively new restrictive measure, the literacy test. This test was the central feature of an immigration bill sponsored by Senator Lodge, which had been approved by both houses of Congress in 1896 but vetoed by President Cleveland. The test was intended to discriminate against immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe where levels of literacy were low. For Lodge, who had opposed a general head tax because it was insufficiently discriminatory, the literacy test “ would tell exclusively on the most undesirable portions of immigration.” References1 Report of the Committee on Immigration (54 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Report No. 290), 2, 1. 2 See e.g. Black, David in Iron Molders' Journal, 03 1898Google Scholar. 3 Taft, Philip, The A.F. of L. in the Time of Gompers (New York: Harper, 1957), p. 306Google Scholar; Lorwin, Lewis L., The America Federation of Labor: History, Policies, and Prospects (Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1933), p. 53Google Scholar; Pelling, Henry, American Labor (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), p. 102Google Scholar. 4 Foner, Philip, History of the Labor Movement in the United States (1947; rept. New York: International Publishers, 1962), 2, 363–64Google Scholar. 5 Saxton, Alexander, “ Race and the House of Labor ” in Nash, Gary B. and Richard, Weiss, eds., The Great Fear: Race in the Mind of America (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970), pp. 115–16Google Scholar. 7 Erickson, Charlotte, American Industry and the European Immigrant 1860–1885 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957), esp. pp. 149–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 8 American Federation of Labor, Report of the Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Convention, 1891, p. 15 (hereafter referred to as Proceedings); White, Henry, “ Immigration Restriction as a Necessity,” American Federationist, 4, No. 4 (1897), pp. 67–68Google Scholar. 9 Conlon, P. J. in Machinists' Monthly Journal, 09 1897Google Scholar; Gompers, Samuel, Seventy Years of Life and Labor (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1925), 2, 154Google Scholar. 10 Kidd, Thomas e.g., International Woodworker, 07 1896, 12 1897Google Scholar. 11 Proceedings, 1896, p. 24. 14 Circular to Executive Council, 11 May 1897, Samuel Gompers Letterbooks (microfilm. Library of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison). 15 Proceedings, 1897, p. 23. 18 Benson, Lee, “ An Approach to the Scientific Study of Past Public Opinion,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 31 (1967), 526–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 20 Space forbids a full and detailed citation of sources here but they include: Federal and State Government Reports, a comprehensive selection of union journals, and union and labour histories. More detailed references may be obtained from the author. 21 Robinson, Jesse S., The Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1920), p. 44Google Scholar; Korman, Gerd, Industrialization, Immigrants and Americanizers (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1967), p. 51Google Scholar. 22 Report on Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States, 3, Wording Conditions and the Relations of Employers and Employees (62 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Doc. No. 110), pp. 31–37, 149–51. 23 Brody, David, Steelworkers in America (1960; rept. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1969), pp. 119–21Google Scholar. 24 Proceedings, 1896, p. 82, 1897, p. 90; Reports of the Industrial Commission (56 Cong., 2 Sess., House Doc. No. 495) 7, 86, 392–94. 25 Brauer-Zeitung, 4 Dec. 1897, 25 Dec. 1897; Proceedings, 1897, p. 91. 26 Brauer-Zeitung, 23 Apr. 1891, 4 Dec. 1897; Laslett, John H. M., Labor and the Left: A Study of Socialist and Radical Influences in the American Labor Movement, 1881–1924 (New York: Basic Books, 1970), pp. 16–17Google Scholar; Schlütter, Herman, The Brewing Industry and the Brewery Workers' Movement in America (Cincinnati: 1910), p. 134Google Scholar. 28 Iron Molders' Journal, Jun. 1886, Jun. 1888, Jul. 1890, Jul. 1895. 29 Ibid., May 1896, Jan., Jul., and Nov. 1897, Jan. 1898. 31 Ibid., May 1897, Jul. 1898, Aug. 1899, Feb. 1901. 32 Reports of the Industrial Commission (57 Cong., 1 Sess., House Doc. No. 186), 17, 652; Kornhauser, Arthur, Dubin, Robert and Ross, Arthur M. eds., Industrial Conflict (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954), p. 64Google Scholar. 33 Reports of the Industrial Commission, 17, 652–55; Commissioner of Labor, Sixteenth Annual Report, 1901, Strikes and Lockouts (57 Cong., 1 Sess., House Doc. No. 18), pp. 41 and 357 ff.; an analysis of 44 major strikes between 1880 and 1900 with descriptions drawn from John R. Commons and Associates, History of Labor in the United States (1918; rept. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1966) 2 and 4, and Foner, History of the Labor Movement, 2. 34 Kornhauser et al., p. 24. 35 Commons et al., 2, 498. 36 See e.g. New Jersey Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries, Ninth Annual Report, 1886, p. 181; Connecticut Bureau of Labor Statistics, Third Annual Report, 1887, pp. 286–346; Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, Annual Report, 1889, 17, Pt. 3. 37 New York Bureau of Labor Statistics, Fourteenth Annual Report, 1896, p. 798; Twelfth Annual Report, 1894, pp. 372–431; Sixteenth Annual Report, 1898, p. 1030. 38 Ibid., 1898, pp. 1036–37. 40 Reports of the Industrial Commission (57 Cong., 1 Sess., House Doc. No. 183), 14, 56–57; Iron Molders' Journal, Mar. 1897. 41 Reports of the Industrial Commission, 7, 370–1; Machinists' Monthly Journal, Sept. 1897. 42 Reports of the Industrial Commission, 7, pp. 435–37. 44 Samuel Gompers, Seventy Years, p. 158. 45 The sample also includes Schaffer of the Iron and Steel Workers, Healy of the National Building Trades Council, Herron of the Mineworkers, Conlon of the Machinists, McGraith of the Printers, and White of the Garment Workers. 46 Proceedings, 1896, p. 24; Samuel Gompers to P. J. McGuire, 22 02 1898, Samuel Gompers Letterbooks; Report of the Committee on Immigration (54 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Report No. 290), 2, 2–6. 47 Reports of the Industrial Commission, 7, 160–80; 8, 51; Mitchell, John, Organized Labor (Philadelphia: American Book and Bible House, 1903), pp. 182–83Google Scholar. 48 Samuel Gompers to Max Hayes, 7 Jul. 1897, Samuel Gompers Letterbooks (quoting the Cleveland Central Labor Union). 49 Report of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization (51 Cong., 2 Sess., House Report No. 3472), pp. 611–18. 50 Liberty, 13 Jun. 1896. 51 St. Louis Labor, 11 Jan. 1896; Herreshoff, David, American Disciples of Marx: From the Age of Jackson to the Progressive Era (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1967), p. 169Google Scholar. 52 Other members of this group of “ influentials ” included D. D. Wilson (editor of the Machinists' Monthly Journal), John Swinton, George A. Schilling (of the Chicago Arbeiter Zeitung), David Black and Ed. McSweeney (an Assistant Commissioner of Immigration). 53 Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, Annual Report, 1889, Pt. 3, Industrial Statistics, 17, E1–58; New York Bureau of Labor Statistics, Twelfth Annual Report, 1894, pp. 372–431; Gavett, Thomas W., Development of the Labor Movement in Milwaukee (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965), p. 89Google Scholar; Foner, , History of the Labor Movement, 2, 287–88Google Scholar. 55 Proceedings, 1900, pp. 26, 58, 84; 1902, pp. 21, 102, 145. 56 Reports of the Industrial Commission, 7, 435. 57 Circular to the Executive Council, 11 May 1897, and Samuel Gompers to P. J. McGuire, 24 May 1897, Samuel Gompers Letterbooks. 58 Circular to the Executive Council, 11 May 1897 and Samuel Gompers to Max Hayes, 19 Jul. 1897, Samuel Gompers Letterbooks. 59 Proceedings, 1897, pp. 91 and 94. 60 Ibid., 1896, pp. 81–82. 62 Perlman, Mark, Labor Union Theories in America (Evanston: Row, Peterson and Co., 1958), p. 113Google Scholar; Ware, Norman J., Labor in Modern Industrial Society (New York: Heath and Co., 1935), pp. 263–64Google Scholar; Mandel, Bernard, Samuel Gompers: A Biography (Yellow Springs, Ohio: The Antioch Press, 1963), pp. 101–2Google Scholar. 63 Morris, James O., Conflict within the A.F.L.: A Study of Craft versus Industrial Unionism, 1901–1938 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1958), p. 8Google Scholar; Taft, , The A.F. of L., pp. xi and xiiGoogle Scholar. 64 Stephenson, George M., A History of American Immigration, 1820–1924 (Boston: Ginn and Co., 1926), p. 161Google Scholar. What were the major destinations for European immigrants in the 19th century?***What were the major destinations for European immigrants in the 19th century, and how did they affect the places where they settled? - The majority of Europeans settled in the Americas. In Latin America, Argentina and Brazil absorbed most of the European immigrants, where "Whiteness" was privileged over other races.
What elements were essential for creating massive urban growth in the late nineteenth century?The following four innovations proved critical in shaping urbanization at the turn of the century: electric lighting, communication improvements, intracity transportation, and the rise of skyscrapers.
Which of the following did settlement houses offer?Settlement houses were organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources.
What was nativism in the 19th century quizlet?Nativism is hostility toward immigrants by native-born people. They disliked immigrants because they were primarily Jewish or Catholic, poor and unskilled.
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