Calcium channel blockers work by Quizlet
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Terms in this set (9)Calcium channel blockers work by reducing calcium influx into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. Calcium channels are coupled to which type of autonomic nervous system receptors? A. Alpha1 B. Alpha2 C. Beta1 D. Beta2 C. Beta1 Calcium channels are coupled to beta1-adrenergic receptors in the heart. For that reason, calcium channel blockers affect the heart in ways similar to the beta blockers. Both types of drugs cause a decrease in the force of contraction, heart rate, and cardiac impulse conduction. The nurse is caring for several patients. For which patient diagnosis would a prescription for nifedipine [Adalat] be least appropriate? A. Angina pectoris B. Essential hypertension C. Atrial fibrillation D. Vasospastic angina C. Atrial fibrillation Nifedipine produces very little blockade of the calcium channels of the heart; therefore, it is ineffective for treating dysrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. Therapeutic uses for nifedipine include the treatment of angina pectoris, essential hypertension, and vasospastic angina. Which medication is most likely to cause the side effect of constipation? A. Nifedipine [Adalat] B. Amlodipine [Norvasc] C. Isradipine [DynaCirc] D. Diltiazem [Cardizem] D. Diltiazem [Cardizem] Nifedipine, amlodipine, and isradipine, which are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, cause less risk of constipation than diltiazem and verapamil. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a patient prescribed verapamil [Calan] SR 120 mg PO daily for essential hypertension. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the medication? A. "I will take the medication with grapefruit juice each morning." B. "I should expect occasional loose stools from this medication." C. "I'll need to reduce the amount of fiber in my diet." D. "I must make sure I swallow the pill whole." D. "I must make sure I swallow the pill whole." "SR" indicates that the drug is sustained release; therefore, the patient must swallow the pill intact, without chewing or crushing, which would result in a bolus effect. Grapefruit juice should be avoided, because it can inhibit intestinal and hepatic metabolism of the drug, thereby raising the drug level. Constipation, not loose stools, is a common side effect of Calan; increasing fluids and dietary fiber can help prevent this adverse effect. The healthcare provider prescribes an intravenous dose of diltiazem [Cardizem] for treatment of a patient with atrial fibrillation. What is the priority nursing intervention? A. Assist with cardioversion. B. Monitor electrocardiogram. C. Obtain baseline coagulation studies. D. Assess for increased urinary output. B. Monitor electrocardiogram. Monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG) continuously during IV administration of diltiazem for AV block, sudden reduction in heart rate, and prolongation of the PR or QT interval. Cardioversion is not necessary; however, have equipment for cardioversion available. Baseline laboratory studies are needed for liver and kidney function. Increased urinary output is not an adverse effect of diltiazem. What is the most appropriate nursing consideration for a patient who is prescribed verapamil [Calan] and digoxin [Lanoxin]? A. Restrict intake of oral fluids and high-fiber food. B. Take an apical pulse for 30 seconds before administration. C. Notify the healthcare provider of nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. D. Hold the medications if the heart rate is greater than 110 beats/min. C. Notify the healthcare provider of nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. Verapamil can raise digoxin blood serum levels, increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, and visual changes. Increase intake of oral fluids and high-fiber food to decrease the adverse effect of constipation. An apical pulse should be taken for a full minute prior to administering digoxin. Verapamil and digoxin can cause bradycardia not tachycardia. Which instructions should the nurse include when developing a teaching plan for a patient prescribed diltiazem [Cardizem] for atrial fibrillation? (Select all that apply.) A. Weigh yourself daily at the same time each day. B. The medication will not cause dizziness or headache. C. Notify the healthcare provider if a skin rash develops. D. Do not take daily oral calcium supplements. E. Rise slowly from a lying to a sitting position A. Weigh yourself daily at the same time each day. C. Notify the healthcare provider if a skin rash develops. E. Rise slowly from a lying to a sitting position The nurse is teaching a patient with essential hypertension who has a new prescription for verapamil [Calan]. Which statements by the patient indicate that the teaching was effective? (Select all that apply.) A. "I will increase my intake of fluid and foods high in fiber." B. "I should stay out of direct sunlight to prevent exposing my skin to the sun." C. "I will call my healthcare provider if I notice swelling in my ankles." D. "I need to avoid salt substitutes and potassium supplements." E. "I may notice easy bruising and bleeding with this drug." A. "I will increase my intake of fluid and foods high in fiber." C. "I will call my healthcare provider if I notice swelling in my ankles." Verapamil often causes constipation and can also cause peripheral edema. Patients should take measures to prevent constipation and should call about new symptoms of peripheral edema. Patients taking verapamil should not experience photosensitivity, hyperkalemia, or increased bruising and bleeding. A patient with angina pectoris has been prescribed nifedipine [Procardia]. Which possible adverse effects should the nurse expect with this medication? (Select all that apply.) A. Headache B. Constipation C. Nausea and vomiting D. Edema of ankles and feet E. Overgrowth of gum tissue A. Headache D. Edema of ankles and feet E. Overgrowth of gum tissue Some adverse effects of nifedipine are headache, edema of ankles and feet, and gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue). Nifedipine causes very little constipation. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of clevidipine. 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They work by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to squeeze (contract) more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.
What is the mechanism of action of a calcium channel blocker quizlet?Calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium ion influx into myocardial cells, causing a negative inotropic effect on the heart, and also leads to vasodilation, particularly in the arterial smooth muscles.
Which of the following is a calcium channel blocker quizlet?The three categories of calcium channel blockers are 1) Dihydropyridines (nifedipine), 2) Phenylalkylamine (verapamil), and 3) Benzothiazepine (diltiazem).
What receptors do calcium channel blockers block?The calcium-channel blockers represent a group of organic chemical structures that share the ability to inhibit Ca2+ entry into excitable cells. In coronary and peripheral arterial smooth muscle and the heart, inhibition of Ca2+ entry blunts the ability of Ca2+ to serve as an intracellular messenger.
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