A list of sources used for in-text citations that appears at the end of a document is called:

When you have multiple authors with the same surname who published in the same year:

If your authors have different initials, then include the initials:

As A. Smith (2016) noted...

...which was confirmed by J.G. Smith's (2016) study.

(A. Smith, 2016; J. G. Smith, 2016).

If your authors have the same initials, then include the name:

As Adam Smith noted...

...which was confirmed by Amy Smith's (2016) study.

(Adam Smith, 2016; Amy Smith, 2016).

Note: In your reference list, you would include the author's first name in [square brackets] after their initials:

Smith, A. [Adam]. (2016)...

Smith, A. [Amy]. (2016)...

When you have multiple works by the same author in the same year:

In your reference list, you will have arranged the works alphabetically by title (see the page on Reference Lists for more information). This decides which reference is "a", "b", "c", and so on. You cite them in text accordingly:

Asthma is the most common disease affecting the Queensland population (Queensland Health, 2017b). However, many people do not know how to manage their asthma symptoms (Queensland Health, 2017a).

When you have multiple works by the same author in different years:

Asthma is the most common disease affecting the Queensland population (Queensland Health, 2017, 2018). 

When you do not have an author, and your reference list entry begins with the title:

Use the title in place of the author's name, and place it in "quotation marks" if it is the title of an article or book chapter, or in italics if the title would go in italics in your reference list:

During the 2017 presidential inauguration, there were some moments of awkwardness ("Mrs. Obama Says ‘Lovely Frame’", 2018).

Note: You do not need to use the entire title, but a reasonable portion so that it does not end too abruptly - "Mrs. Obama Says" would be too abrupt, but the full title "Mrs. Obama Says 'Lovely Frame' in Box During Awkward Handoff" is unecessarily long. You should also use title case for titles when referring to them in the text of your work.

If there are no page numbers, you can include any of the following in the in-text citation:

• If paragraph numbers are visible use them in place of page numbers; alternatively, you could count paragraphs down from the beginning of the document. Use the abbreviation 'para.'
  • "On Australia Day 1938 William Cooper ... joined forces with Jack Patten and William Ferguson ... to hold a Day of Mourning to draw attention to the losses suffered by Aboriginal people at the hands of the whiteman" (National Museum of Australia, n.d., para. 4).
• If the document contains headings but no page numbers or paragraph numbers, use the heading plus a paragraph number within that section.
  • "in 1957 news of a report by the Western Australian government provided the catalyst for a reform movement" (National Museum of Australia, n.d., The catalyst for change section, para. 1)
• If the heading is too long you can shorten it and place it in "quotation marks". In this case the full heading was "Alick Jackomos recalls petition-gathering for the referendum with Doug Nicholls"
  • "By the end of this year of intense activity over 100,000 signatures had been collected" (National Museum of Australia, n.d., "petition gathering", para. 1).

When you are citing a classical work, like the Bible or the Quran:

References to works of scripture or other classical works are treated differently to regular citations. See the APA Blog's entry for more details:

Happy Holiday Citing: Citation of Classical Works. (Please note, this document is from the 6th edition of APA).

Indicating the Relevant Citation in the Text

• A number in superscript format, placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant footnote.

• Citations are numbered sequentially in the order in which they appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a numbered footnote containing publication information about the source cited.

• The notes generally serve two purposes: to cite sources and to make cross-references to previous notes.

• Phrases used to introduce cited material are called signal phrases. These phrases usually come before quotations.

•No distinction is made between print and electronic references when citing within the text. Here are some examples of this kind of referencing:

The theory was first put forward in 1987.1
Scholtz2 has argued that...
Several recent studies3 have suggested that...
For example, see 4.
The largest lesion in the first study was 10 cm.5

•It is not necessary to mention either the author(s) or the date of the reference unless it is relevant to your text.

•It is not necessary to say "In reference6 ...", "In6 ..." is sufficient.

Footnotes

Footnotes are listed at the bottom of the page on which a citation is made. A numeral is placed in the text to indicate the cited work and again at the bottom of the page in front of the footnote. A footnote lists the author, title and details of publication, in that order. Footnotes are used when there are only a small number of references. If there are a large number of notes, they may be placed either at the end of the chapter or the end of the whole work.

Here is an example of this kind of referencing:

Breaker Morant has been described as, "... a hard-fisted bushman, a versifier, womaniser, drunkard, gambler, a brilliant horseman, social success, brave soldier, and a ruthless adversary ...".1 It is, however, the circumstances which led to his trial and execution, which most concern the average Australian. Morant and his fellow soldier Handcock have been viewed as "scapegoats of the Empire".2 ...

The corresponding footnotes have the following format:

1.    Kit Denton, Closed File (Adelaide: Rigby, 1983), 68.

2.    Barry Bridges, "Lord Kitchener and the Morant/Handcock Executions", Journal of the Australian Historical Society 73 (June 1987): 37.

•Authors names are presented in full if known, with given name or initials before surname.

• The title and subtitle are capitalised.

• Publication details for a book are enclosed in parentheses.

• Commas are used to separate the main elements of the citation.

• Titles of books and journals are italicised if typed or underlined if hand-written.

•Title of chapters, titled parts of a book, or titles of journal articles are enclosed in quotation marks.

Subsequent Citations

• A footnote cannot reappear out of sequence.

•The content of a footnote which applies to more than one citation must be repeated under a new citation number.

•To avoid repetition of an exact citation, a cross reference may be used:

18.    see note 3 above

•If referring to the immediately preceding footnote, you may use Ibid.

•Subsequent citations of sources already given with minor differences, such as page numbers, should be shortened whenever possible.

•The short form should consist of authors' surname, shortened title (4 words or less) and page number:

1.    Regina M Schwartz, "Nationals and Nationalism: Adultery in the House of David," Critical Inquiry 19, no. 1 (1992): 131-32.

2.    David N. Freedman and Jeffrey C. Geoghegan, "House of David Is There," Biblical Archaeology Review 21, no. 2 (1995): 78-9.

3.    Schwartz, "Nationals and Nationalism," 138.

4.    Freedman and Geoghegan, "House of David," 79.

5.    Ibid.

6.    Ibid., 78.

Citing More Than One Source at a Time

Although more than one note citation should never appear at a single location (such as 7,8), a single footnote can contain more than one citation:

1.    Regina M Schwartz, "Nationals and Nationalism: Adultery in the House of David," Critical Inquiry 19, no. 1 (1992): 131-32.; David N. Freedman and Jeffrey C. Geoghegan,"House of David Is There," Biblical Archaeology Review 21, no. 2 (1995): 79.

What is it called when you cite your sources at the end?

What is the list of sources at the end of a paper called?

What is the name of the list of full text citations that appears at the end of a MLA paper?

What is end text citation?