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Cash Items là Hạng Mục Tiền Mặt. Đây là thuật ngữ được sử dụng trong lĩnh vực Kinh tế .
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A non-cash item has two different meanings. In banking, the term is used to describe a negotiable instrument, such as a check or bank draft, that is deposited but cannot be credited until it clears the issuer's account.
Alternatively, in accounting, a non-cash item refers to an expense listed on an income statement, such as capital depreciation, investment gains, or losses, that does not involve a cash payment.
Key Takeaways
- In banking, a non-cash item is a negotiable instrument—such as a check or bank draft—that is deposited but cannot be credited until it clears the issuer's account.
- In accounting, a non-cash item refers to an expense listed on an income statement, such as capital depreciation, investment gains, or losses, that does not involve a cash payment.
Understanding Non-Cash Items
Accounting
Income statements, a tool used by companies in financial statements to tell investors how much money they made and lost, can include several items that affect earnings but not cash flow. That’s because in accrual accounting, companies measure their income by also including transactions that do not involve a cash payment to give a more accurate picture of their current financial condition.
Examples of non-cash items include deferred income tax, write-downs in the value of acquired companies, employee stock-based compensation, as well as depreciation and amortization.
Banking
Banks often put a hold of up to several days on a large non-cash item, such as a check, depending upon the customer's account history and what is known about the payor [e.g., if the issuing organization has the financial means to cover the check presented].
The short period during which both banks have the funds available to them—between when the check is presented and the money is withdrawn from the payor's account—is called the float.
Depreciation and Amortization Example
Depreciation and amortization are perhaps the two most common examples of expenses that reduce taxable income without impacting cash flow. Companies factor in the deteriorating value of their assets over time in a process known as depreciation for tangibles and amortization for intangibles.
For example, say a manufacturing business called company A forks out $200,000 for a new piece of high-tech equipment to help boost production. The new machinery is expected to last 10 years, so company A’s accountants advise spreading the cost over the entire period of its useful life, rather than expensing it all in one big hit. They also factor in that the equipment has a salvage value, the amount it will be worth after 10 years, of $30,000.
Depreciation seeks to match up revenue with its associated expenses. Dividing $170,000 by 10 means that the equipment purchased will be shown as a non-cash item expense of $17,000 per year over the next decade. However, no money was actually paid out when these annual expenses were recorded, so they appear on income statements as a non-cash charge.
Special Considerations
Non-cash items frequently crop up in financial statements, yet investors often overlook them and assume all is above board. Like all areas of financial accounting, it sometimes pays to take a more skeptical approach.
One of the biggest risks associated with non-cash items is that they are often based on guesswork, influenced by past experiences. Users of accrual accounting have regularly been found guilty, innocently or not, of failing to accurately estimate revenues and expenses.
For example, company A’s equipment may need to be written off before 10 years, or perhaps prove to be useful for longer than expected. Its estimated salvage value may be wrong, too. Eventually, businesses are required to update and report actual expenses, which can lead to big surprises.
Data Dictionary
Item Number 0022CASH ITEMS IN PROCESS OF COLLECTION, UNPOSTED DEBITS, AND CURRENCY AND COIN
Call confidentiality applies to FFIEC 031/041.
Series Start Date End Date Confidential? Reporting Forms FORB0022 1990-12-31 9999-12-31 Yes FFIEC 030 RCFD0022 1980-12-31 9999-12-31 No Multiple Forms RCFN0022 1980-12-31 9999-12-31 No Multiple Forms RCON0022 1978-12-31 9999-12-31 No Multiple Forms SUBC0022 1978-12-31 2002-09-30 No FR 2314a/b/c
Data Description:
"Cash items in process of collection" includes:
[1] Checks or drafts in process of collection that are drawn on another depository institution [or on a Federal Reserve Bank] and that are payable immediately upon presentation in the United States [or, for purposes of the FFIEC 031 report, in the country where the reporting bank's office which is clearing or collecting the check or draft is located].
This includes:
[a] Checks or drafts drawn on other institutions that have already been forwarded for collection but for which the reporting bank has not yet been given credit ["cash letters"].
[b] Checks or drafts on hand that will be presented for payment or forwarded for collection on the following business day.
[c] Checks or drafts that have been deposited with the reporting bank's correspondent and for which the reporting bank has already been given credit, but for which the amount credited is not subject to immediate withdrawal ["ledger credit" items].
However, if the reporting bank has been given immediate credit by its correspondent for checks or drafts presented for payment or forwarded for collection and if the funds on deposit are subject to immediate withdrawal the amount of such checks or drafts are reported in Schedule RC-A, item 2, "Balances Due from Depository Institutions in the U.S. [0082]", or item 3, "Balances Due from Banks in Foreign Countries and Foreign Central Banks [0070]".
[2] Government checks drawn on the Treasurer of the United States or any other government agency that are payable immediately upon presentation and that are in process of collection.
[3] Such other items in process of collection that are payable immediately upon presentation and that are customarily cleared or collected as cash items by depository institutions in the country where the reporting bank's office which is clearing or collecting the item is located, such as:
[a] Redeemed United States savings bonds and food stamps.
[b] Amounts associated with automated payment arrangements in connection with payroll deposits, federal recurring payments, and other items that are credited to a depositor's account prior to the payment date to ensure that the funds are available on the payment date.
[c] Federal Reserve deferred account balances until credit has been received in accordance with the appropriate time schedules established by the Federal Reserve Banks. At that time, such balances should be reported in Schedule RC-A, item 4, "Balances Due from Federal Reserve Banks [0090]".
[d] Checks or drafts drawn on another depository institution that have been deposited in one office of the reporting bank and forwarded for collection to another office of the reporting bank.
[e] Brokers' security drafts and commodity or bill-of-lading drafts payable immediately upon presentation in the U.S.
Excludes:
[1] Cash items for which the reporting bank has already received credit, provided that the funds on deposit are subject to immediate withdrawal [reported in Schedule RC-A, items 0082,0070, or 0090 as appropriate].
[2] Credit or debit card sales slips in process of collection [reported as noncash items in Schedule RC-F, item 2168]. However, when the reporting bank has been notified that it has been given credit, the amount of such sales slips are reported in Schedule RC-A, items 0082 or 0070 as appropriate.
[3] Cash items not conforming to the definition of in process of collection, whether or not cleared through Federal Reserve Banks [reported in Schedule RC-F, item 2168].
[4] Commodity or bill-of-lading drafts [including arrival drafts] not yet payable [because the merchandise against which the draft was drawn has not yet arrived], whether or not deposit credit has been given. [If deposit credit has been given, report as loans in the appropriate item of Schedule RC-C; If the drafts were received on a collection basis, they should be excluded entirely from the bank's balance sheet, Schedule RC, until the funds have actually been collected.]
"Unposted debits" are cash items in the bank's possession, drawn on itself, that are immediately chargeable, but that have not been charged to the general ledger deposit control account at the close of business on the report date. All banks reporting an amount for unposted debits at domestic offices should also see Schedule RC-O, "unposted debits."
"Currency and coin" includes both U.S. and foreign currency and coin owned and held in all offices of the reporting bank, currency and coin in transit to a Federal Reserve Bank or to any other depository institution for which the reporting bank has not yet received credit, and currency and coin in transit from a Federal Reserve Bank or from any other depository institution for which the reporting bank's account has already been charged. Foreign currency and coin should be converted into U.S. dollar equivalents as of the report date.
NOTE:
This item includes the sum of items 0020 and 0080 on Schedule RC-A on the FFIEC 031, 032, and 033 reports.
COMPARABILITY:
Beginning 3/31/01, reported as a derived item on the FFIEC 041 report and includes the sum of items 0020 and 0080. Reported in Schedule RC-A.