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Terms in this set [10]
Describe the seven phases of the systems development cycle.
Planning - establishing a high-level plan of the intended project and determining project goals
Analysis - analyzing business requirements and refining project goals into functions of the intended system
Design - describing the desired
features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, and pseudo code
Development - taking all of the design documents and trasnforming them into the actual system
Testing - bringing all the project pieces together to verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase
Implementation - placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system
Maintenance - performing
changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet business goals
Summarize the different software development methodologies.
Agile methodology - aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components
Waterfall methodology - follows an activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially
Rapid
application development methodology [RAD] - emphasizes user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes
Extreme programming [XP] methodology - breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue onto the next phase until the previous one is complete
Rational unified process [RUP] - provides a framework for breaking down the development of software into four gates
Scrum - uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software
using sprints [30-day intervals] to achieve an appointed goal
Explain project management and identify the primary reasons projects fail.
A project is a short-term endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. The primary reasons projects fail include unclear or missing business requirements, skipped phases, changing technology, the cost of finding errors in the SDLC, and balance of triple constants.
Identify the primary project planning diagrams.
A PERT [Program Evaluation and Review Technique] chart is a graphical network model that depicts a project's tasks and the relationships between those tasks. A Gantt chart is a simple bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar. A Gantt chart works well for representing the project schedule and the progress of tasks against the planned duration.
Identify the three different types of outsourcing along with their benefits and challenges.
Onshore outsourcing - engaging another company within the same country for services
Nearshore outsourcing - contracting an outsourcing arrangement within a company in a nearby
country
Offshore outsourcing - using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems
Benefits of outsourcing include increased quality and efficiency, reduction of operating expenses and risks, and access to outsourcing service provider's expertise. Challenges include length of contracts, losing competitive advantages, and risking a breach of confidential information.
Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs.
A local area network [LAN] is designed to connect a group of computers in proximity to each other such as in an office building, school, or home. A wide area network [WAN] spans a large geographic area, such as a state, providence, or country [ex: internet.] A metropolitan area network [MAN] is a large computer network usually spanning a city.
Compare the two types of network architectures.
The two primary types of network architectures are peer-to-peer networks and client/server networks. A peer-to-peer [P2P] network is a computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server. In A client/server network, the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients.
Explain topology and the different types found in networks.
A network topology refers to the geometric arrangement of the organization of computers [and other network devices] in a network. Topologies vary depending on cost and functionality. Five common topologies are the bus topology, hybrid topology, ring topology, star topology, and wireless topology.
Describe protocols and the importance of TCP/IP.
A protocol is a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission. TCP/IP provides the technical foundation for the Internet and private networks. TCP/IP allows computers to communicate with each other and web servers on the Internet.
Identify the different media types found in networks.
The two types of transmission media are wire [guided] and wireless [unguided.] Wire media are transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and behave predictably. Wireless media are natural parts of the Earth's environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals.
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