Chuyên đề 3 các thì trong tiếng Anh

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1CÁC THÌ [TENSES]1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN SIMPLE PRESENTVỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNGKhẳng định: S + Vs/es + OPhủ định: S + DO/DOES + NOT + V +ONghi vấn: DO/DOES + S + V+ O ?VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ TOBEKhẳng định: S + AM/IS/ARE + OPhủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + ONghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + OTừ nhận biết: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently.Cách dùng:Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên.Ví dụ: The sun ries in the East.Tom comes from England.Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.Ví dụ: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.I get up early every morning.Lưu ý: ta thêm "es" sau các động từ tận cùng là: O, S, X, CH, SH.Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con ngườiVí dụ: He plays badminton very wellThì hiện tại đơn còn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá biểu, đặc biệtdùng với các động từ di chuyển.2. THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT CONTINUOUSCông thứcKhẳng định: S + be [am/ is/ are] + V_ing + OPhủ định: S + BE + NOT + V_ing + ONghi vấn: BE + S + V_ing + OTừ nhận biết: Now, right now, at present, at the momentCách dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễnThì hiện tại tiếp diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kẫo dài dài một thời gian ở hiện tại.Ex: The children are playing football now.Thì này cũng thường tiếp theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh.Ex: Look! the child is crying.Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.Thì này còn diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại dùng với phó từ ALWAYS:Ex: He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember Thì này còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra [ở tương lai gần]Ex: He is coming tomrowLưu ý: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức chi giác như: to be, see, hear, understand,know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love. hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget,..........Ex: I am tired now.She wants to go for a walk at the moment.Do you understand your lesson?3. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH - PRESENT PERFECTKhẳng định: S + have/ has + Past participle [V3] + OPhủ định: S + have/ has + NOT + Past participle + ONghi vấn: have/ has + S + Past participle + OTừ nhận biết: already, not... yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before...Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành:Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra ở 1 thời giankhông xác định trong quá khứ.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng diễn tả sự lập đi lập lại của 1 hành động trong quá khứ.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng được dùng với since và for.Since + thời gian bắt đầu [1995, I was young, this morning etc.] Khi người nói dùng since, người nghephải tính thời gian là bao lâu.For + khoảng thời gian [từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ] Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian làbao lâu.4. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSKhẳng định: S has/have + been + V_ing + OPhủ định: S + Hasn't/ Haven't + been+ V-ing + ONghi vấn: Has/HAve+ S+ been + V-ing + O?Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, inthe past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far.Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành:Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ vàtiếp tục tới hiện tại [có thể tới tương lai].5. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN - SIMPLE PASTVỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNGKhẳng định: S + V_ed + OPhủ định: S + DID+ NOT + V + ONghi vấn: DID + S+ V+ O ?VỚI TOBEKhẳng định: S + WAS/WERE + OPhủ định: S+ WAS/ WERE + NOT + ONghi vấn: WAS/WERE + S+ O ?Từ nhận biết: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night.Cách dùng thì quá khứ đơn:Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định.CHỦ TỪ + ÐỘNG TỪ QUÁ KHỨWhen + thì quá khứ đơn [simple past]When + hành động thứ nhất6. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN - PAST CONTINUOUSKhẳng định: S + was/were + V_ing + OPhủ định: S + wasn't/weren't + V-ing + ONghi vấn: Was/Were + S+ V-ing + O?Từ nhận biết: While, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning [afternoon].Cách dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra cùng lúc. Nhưng hành động thứ nhất đã xảy ra sớm hơn và đã đangtiếp tục xảy ra thì hành động thứ hai xảy ra.CHỦ TỪ + WERE/WAS + ÐỘNG TÙ THÊM - INGWhile + thì quá khứ tiếp diễn [past progressive]7. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH - PAST PERFECTKhẳng định: S + had + Past Participle [V3] + OPhủ định: S + hadn't + Past Participle + ONghi vấn: Had + S + Past Participle + O?Từ nhận biết: after, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for....Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành:Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động kháccũng xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.8. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSKhẳng định: S + had + been + V_ing + OPhủ định: S + hadn't + been+ V-ing + ONghi vấn: Had + S + been + V-ing + O?Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã đang xảy ra trong quákhứ và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác xảy ra và cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ9. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI - SIMPLE FUTUREKhẳng định: S + shall/will + V[infinitive] + OPhủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ V[infinitive] + ONghi vấn: shall/will + S + V[infinitive] + O?Cách dùng thì tương lai:Khi đoán [predict, guess], dùng will hoặc be going to.Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will.CHỦ TỪ + AM [IS/ARE] GOING TO + ÐỘNG TỪ [ở hiện tại: simple form]Khi diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to.CHỦ TỪ + WILL + ÐỘNG TỪ [ở hiện tại: simple form]10. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE CONTINUOUSKhẳng định: S + shall/will + be + V_ing+ OPhủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ ONghi vấn: shall/will +S+ be + V_ing+ OTừ nhận biết: in the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon.Cách dùng thì tương lai tiếp diễn:Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai.CHỦ TỪ + WILL + BE + ÐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING hoặcCHỦ TỪ + BE GOING TO + BE + ÐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING11. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH - FUTURE PERFECTKhẳng định: S + shall/will + have + Past ParticiplePhủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ ONghi vấn: shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O?Từ nhận biết: by the time and prior to the time [có nghĩa là before]Cách dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành:Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động trong tương lai sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trongtương lai.CHỦ TỪ + WILL + HAVE + QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ [PAST PARTICIPLE]12. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUSKhẳng định: S + shall/will + have been + V_ing + OPhủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ have been + V_ing + ONghi vấn: shall/will + S+ have been + V_ing + O?Cách dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động sẽ đang xảy ratrong tương lai và sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai.Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will.CHỦ TỪ + AM [IS/ARE] GOING TO + ÐỘNG TỪ [ở hiện tại: simple form]Khi diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to.CHỦ TỪ + WILL + ÐỘNG TỪ [ở hiện tại: simple form]* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNGI. Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.A. has livedB. is living2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.A. don’t seeB. haven’t seen3. The train ______ half an hour ago.C. was livingD. has been livingC. didn’t seeD. hadn’t seenA. has been leavingB. leftC. has leftD. had left4. Jack ______ the door.A. has just paintedB. paintC. will have painted D. painting5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.A. is lookingB. was lookingC. has been looking D. looked6. I ______ Texas State University now.A. am attendingB. attendC. was attendingD. attended7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.A. ten years agoB. since ten yearsC. for ten years ago D. for ten years8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.A. discoveredB. has discoveredC. had discoveredD. had been discovering9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.A. runB. runsC. was runningD. had run10. We _______ there when our father died.A. still livedB. lived stillC. was still livedD. were still living11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.A. will playB. will be playingC. playD. would play12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.A. shall have been workingB. shall workC. have been working D. shall be working13. I _______ in the room right now.A. am beingB. was beingC. have been being D. am14. I ______ to New York three times this year.A. have beenB. wasC. wereD. had been15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.A. leaveB. will leaveC. have leftD. shall leave16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.A. has happenedB. happenedC. had happenedD. would have been happened17. John ______ a book when I saw him.A. is readingB. readC. was readingD. reading18. He said he _______ return later.A. willB. wouldC. canD. would be19. I have been waiting for you ______.A. since early morning B. since 9a. mC. for two hoursD. All are correct20. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.A. leaveB. leftC. leavesD. had left21. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.A. wroteB. writesC. has writtenD. had written22. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.A. was readingB. wroteC. was writtenD. had written23. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few days previously.A. broke downB. has been broken C. had broken down D. breaks down24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.A. tryB. triedC. have triedD. am trying25. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.A. he had leftB. he leftC. he has leftD. he was left26. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.A. hadB. had hadC. have hasD. have had27. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.A. will have learnedB. will learnC. has learnedD. would learn28. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book.A. walkingB. walkedC. walksD. walk30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.A. finishB. finishesC. will finishD. finishing31 Ask her to come and see me when she _______ her work.A. finishB. has finishedC. finishedD. finishing32. Tom and Mary ______ for Vietnam tomorrow.A. leaveB. are leavingC. leaving33. He always ________ for a walk in the evening.A. goB. is goingC. goes34. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.A. workingB. worksC. is working35. Last week, my professor promised that he ________ today.A. would comeB. will comeC. comesD. are leftD. goingD. workD. comingII. Choose the underlined part in each sentence [A, B,C, or D] that needs correcting.1. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner.ABCD2. Jimmy threw the ball high in the air, and Betty catching it when it came downABCD3. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it.ABCD4. Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one.ABCD5. Having fed the dog, he was sat down to his own meal.ABCD6. When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all.ABCD7. They are going to have to leave soon and so do we.ABC D8. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise.ABCD9. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it.AB CD10. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years.ABCD11. I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summerABCD12. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listen intentlyABCD13. I think it’s time you must change your way of living.ABCD14. Roger felt the outside of his pocket to make sure his wallet is still there.ABCD15. When I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years.ABCD16. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant.ABCD17. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now.ABCD18. Some people are believing there is life on other planets.ABC D19. Recently, the island of Hawaii had been the subject o fintensive research on the occurrence of earthquakes.ABCD20. Every morning, the sun shines in my bedroom window and waking me up.ABCD21. We’ll be cycled to Hoa’s village at this time next Sunday.ABCD22. What will you do when your friends won’t come ?AB CD23. My friend didn’t drink any beer since we came to live here.ABCD24. We have written to each other when we were in primary school.ABCD25. Will we go to the pop concert this weekend for a change?ABCDIII.. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one.1. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away.A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand.B. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away.C. She turned away because he waved his hand too early.D. Although she turned away, he waved his hand.2. My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month.A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes.B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes.C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes.D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago.3. Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.A. The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work.B. Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid.C. Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work.D. Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.3. Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago.A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car five years ago.B. It has been five years when Mr. Brown bought this carC. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years.D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown bought this car.4. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years.A. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.B. It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much.C. It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much.D. It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much.5. This is my tenth year working in this bank.A. By the end of this year, I will work in this bank for ten years.B. I have worked in this bank for ten years by the end of this year.C. By the end of this year, I will have worked in this bank for ten years.D. I had been working in this bank for ten years by the end of this year.6. The famous actor was last seen in 2000.A. The famous actor has not been able to see since 2000.B. No one has seen the famous actor since 2000.C. The famous actor didn’t see anyone in 2000.D. No one saw the famous actor until 2000.7. I came to live here three months ago.A. It was three months since I lived here.B. I’ve been living here for three months.C. I lived here for three months.D. I didn’t live here for three months.8. She goes to the shops every Friday.A. She goes every day to the shop but not on Friday.B. It’s not Friday, but she’s going to the shops.C. She always goes to the shops on Friday.D. She never goes to the shops on Friday.9. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water.A. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water.B. Having taken a deep breath, he dived into the water.C. After Michael took a deep breath, he had dived into the water.D. A & B are correct.10. We started working here three years ago.A. We worked here for three years.B. We have no longer worked here for three years.C. We have worked here for three years.D. We will work here in three years.11. It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema.A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time.C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to.D. We wish we went to the cinema now.12. I haven’t finished this book yet.A. I’m still reading this book.B. I have read this book before.C. The book I’m reading hasn’t finished.D. I will read this book some day.13. He used to jog every morning.A. He enjoys jogging every morning.B. He never fails to jog every morning.C. He doesn’t now jog every morning.D. He intended to jog every morning.14. I have never felt happier than I do now.A. I felt happier before.B. I feel happy now.C. I have never felt happy.D. I have always felt happy.15. He last had his eyes tested ten months ago.A. He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months. B. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then.C. He had tested his eyes ten months before.D. He didn’t have any test on his eyes in ten months.16. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime.A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door.B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door.C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door.D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door.17. Steve left before my arrival.A. When I arrived, Steve had already left.B. Steve left as soon as I arrived.C. While Steve was leaving I arrived.D. Steve hadn’t left until I arrived.18. I haven’t been here before.A. Being here is a pleasant experience.B. This is the first time I have been here.C. I have wished to be here for long.D. Before long I will be here.19. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago.A. I hasn’t seen Rose for three years.B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago.C. I haven’t seen Rose since three years.D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years.20. When we arrived, the children were playing “Hide and Seek”A. The children played “Hide and Seek” and then we arrived.B. While the children were playing “Hide and Seek”, we arrived.C. We arrived at the same time the children played “Hide and Seek”.D. We didn’t arrive until the children played “Hide and Seek”.